Drones can not only take photos of the water surface, but also scan the coastal conditions of the waters, ensuring that there are no blind spots or dead angles in the inspection, and presenting the water conditions clearly and completely. Compared with traditional human inspection methods, the application of drones in water conservancy breaks through the limitations of factors such as basin area and topography, and can obtain more data information, which is conducive to mastering the basic conditions of the waters from multiple aspects.
1.Drone water flow speed measurement
Drone water flow velocity measurement technology is widely used in hydrology, oceanography and environmental monitoring. It can not only be used to measure water flow velocity in rivers, lakes and oceans, but also to monitor glacier melting, flood warning and water quality monitoring. The measurement of water flow velocity and direction by drones can help researchers better understand changes in the marine environment and the dynamics of the ecosystem.
Radar flow measurement
The water velocity/flow monitoring system relies on advanced flight platforms, velocity and water level radars, three-axis stabilization gimbals, and cloud technology. It can intelligently monitor water velocity and provide strong support for water velocity/flow monitoring.
Video flow measurement
By hovering the drone above the work surface to achieve non-contact testing, the safety of testers is greatly guaranteed, the possibility of equipment damage by water is reduced, and work efficiency and the degree of informatization are improved.
2.Drone water quality monitoring
Drones can carry water quality monitoring instruments to monitor various water quality indicators in real time, such as turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, chlorophyll content and other data. Through these data, water quality abnormalities can be discovered in time and measures can be taken to prevent pollution in time.
Since different water quality spectra have different reflectances, drones equipped with multi-spectral analyzers can monitor water quality and detect whether the water body is polluted.
3.Drone river inspection
The drone is equipped with a thermal infrared camera to observe the invisible thermal radiation emitted or reflected by all objects in the river. Regardless of the lighting conditions, it can conduct unimpeded inspections at night, inspect sewage outlets, and quickly trace the illegal discharge of sewage.
Drones can cover a large area of water and its surrounding areas in a short time. They can conduct key inspections on key areas, such as drinking water sources, ecological protection areas, docks, etc. Once abnormal conditions are found, such as floating objects on the water surface, water color change, etc., drones can quickly locate and record location information. It can accurately and quickly locate the location of the sewage outlet, strengthen the supervision and discovery mechanism, and provide strong support for the refinement and intelligence of the long-term management of the river.
Moreover, drones can inspect water conservancy projects, such as reservoirs, dams, and sluice gates, to promptly detect abnormal conditions in the projects and provide guarantees for the safe operation of water conservancy projects.
Drones can dynamically monitor the sewage discharge process and take pictures of the discharge time, flow rate, etc. Since sand mining activities usually leave obvious traces on the water surface, such as the location of sand mining vessels and sand pits formed after sand mining, drones can quickly detect these abnormalities.
4.Water conservancy project construction
River Regulation
Human-machine equipment equipped with high-precision surveying equipment (such as lidar and optical cameras) can conduct detailed topographic surveys of the river and its surrounding areas. It can clearly display information such as the slope, curvature, cross-sectional shape, and changes in riverbed elevation.
During the river regulation process, drones can regularly patrol the river and promptly detect and locate obstacles.
Drones can dynamically monitor and evaluate the effects of river regulation projects. Take high-resolution images before and after regulation to compare and analyze changes in the river's morphology, improvements in the cross-sectional area of water flow, and the stability of riverbank slope protection.
Water rights confirmation
Boundary determination and measurement: UAVs can accurately determine the boundary lines of water areas by taking clear images of water boundary and combining them with geographic information system (GIS) technology.
Area calculation and ownership marking: Based on the boundary data obtained by drones, the water area can be calculated quickly and accurately.
Historical data tracing and dynamic updating: Drones can store historical aerial image data to trace the change history of water boundary.
Project acceptance
Project appearance inspection: UAVs equipped with high-definition cameras can conduct a comprehensive inspection of the overall appearance of water conservancy projects.
Project quantity review: The project images and three-dimensional terrain data obtained by drones can be used to review the project quantity of water conservancy projects.
Operation function test assistance: In some water conservancy project acceptance links, such as the pumping capacity test of the pump station and the flood discharge capacity test of the sluice, drones can provide auxiliary monitoring.
5.Drone flood emergency response
The rising water level and faster flow rate during flood seasons have a great impact on levees. Therefore, inspection of levees during flood seasons is particularly important. UAVs have the characteristics of flexible viewing angles, all-weather operation, combination of visible light and thermal imaging, and route re-flight, which can realize high-frequency and multi-angle inspection of levees.
The UAV background system helps to reflect the front-line measurement of the affected area, breach span and other information, assists in flood assessment, and provides an important basis for command decision-making.
By using drones to collect urban landform data and combining advanced technologies such as 3D real-life GIS, spatial databases, and big data analysis, a 3D urban waterlogging intelligent monitoring platform is established to monitor the various key indicator data that cause road waterlogging and affect traffic safety from a comprehensive perspective combining macro and micro perspectives; simulate road flooding conditions; record historical and existing data, analyze future trends, and assist in decision-making.
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